.article-end[data-astro-cid-enxghvos]{margin-block-start:28px;color:var(--sub);font-family:var(--font-sans);font-size:var(--small-size)}.article-end__translation[data-astro-cid-enxghvos]{margin:0;padding-block-start:14px;border-block-start:1px solid var(--rule);line-height:normal}.article-end__translation[data-astro-cid-enxghvos] a[data-astro-cid-enxghvos]{color:var(--ink);text-decoration-color:var(--article-accent);text-decoration-thickness:1.5px;text-underline-offset:5px}.article-end__nav[data-astro-cid-enxghvos]{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:var(--space-6);margin-block-start:28px;padding-block-start:18px;border-block-start:1px solid var(--rule)}.article-end__nav--only-next[data-astro-cid-enxghvos] .article-end__link--next[data-astro-cid-enxghvos]{grid-column:2}.article-end__link[data-astro-cid-enxghvos]{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:6px;color:var(--ink);text-decoration:none}.article-end__link--next[data-astro-cid-enxghvos]{align-items:flex-end;text-align:end}.article-end__meta[data-astro-cid-enxghvos]{color:var(--dim);font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.12em;line-height:normal}[lang=fa] .article-end__meta[data-astro-cid-enxghvos]{font-family:var(--font-fa);font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:normal}.article-end__meta[data-astro-cid-enxghvos] .mono[data-astro-cid-enxghvos]{font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.06em}.article-end__title[data-astro-cid-enxghvos]{font-size:15px;font-weight:500;line-height:1.4;text-wrap:pretty}[lang=fa] .article-end__title[data-astro-cid-enxghvos]{font-family:var(--font-fa);line-height:1.55}.article-end__footer[data-astro-cid-enxghvos]{margin:var(--space-6) 0 0;color:var(--sub);font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.7;text-align:start}.article-shell[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk]{--article-accent: var(--accent-research);--focus-color: var(--article-accent);inline-size:100%;max-inline-size:var(--body-measure);margin-inline:auto}.article--research[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk]{--article-accent: var(--accent-research);display:grid;grid-template-columns:250px minmax(0,660px);gap:56px;max-inline-size:1020px;margin-inline:0 auto}.article--work[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk]{--article-accent: var(--accent-work)}.article--note[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk]{--article-accent: var(--accent-note);max-inline-size:640px}.article-file[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk]{position:sticky;inset-block-start:var(--space-5);align-self:start;color:var(--sub)}.article-file__label[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk]{margin:0;padding-block-end:10px;border-block-end:1px solid var(--rule);font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:var(--h2-tracking);line-height:normal}.article-file__facts[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk]{margin:0}.article-file__facts[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk]{padding-block:14px;border-block-end:1px solid var(--rule);font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:12px;line-height:2.1}.article-file__contents[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk]>p[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk]{margin:0;padding-block:14px 10px;color:var(--sub);font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:var(--h2-tracking)}.article-file__contents[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] ol[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk]{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:var(--space-2);margin:0;padding:0;font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:12px;line-height:normal;list-style:none}.article-file__contents[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] a[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk]{color:var(--ink);text-decoration:none}.article-file__facts[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] div[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk]{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:var(--space-2)}.article-file__facts[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] div[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk]+div[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk]{margin-block-start:0}.article-file[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] dt[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk]{color:var(--dim)}.article-file[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] dt[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk]:after{content:" —"}.article-file[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] dd[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk]{margin:0}.article-accent[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk]{color:var(--article-accent)}.article-meta[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk]{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:baseline;gap:var(--space-3) 14px;color:var(--sub);font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:var(--meta-size);letter-spacing:.08em;line-height:normal}.article-meta__section[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk]{color:var(--article-accent);letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase}.article-header[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] h1[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk]{margin:18px 0 0;font-size:var(--h1-size);font-weight:600;letter-spacing:-.015em;line-height:var(--h1-lh);text-wrap:pretty}.article--research[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] .article-header[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] h1[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk]{margin-block-start:var(--space-4);font-size:31px;line-height:1.22}.article--note[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk]:not([lang=fa]) .article-header[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] h1[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk]{font-family:var(--font-note);font-size:35px;font-weight:500;letter-spacing:-.005em;line-height:1.22}.article-dek[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk]{margin:14px 0 0;color:var(--sub);font-size:var(--dek-size);line-height:1.6;text-wrap:pretty}.article--research[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] .article-dek[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk],.article--note[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] .article-dek[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk]{font-size:var(--body-size)}.article--research[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] .article-dek[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk]{margin-block-start:12px}.article-body[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk]{margin-block-start:36px;padding-block-start:36px;border-block-start:1px solid var(--rule)}.article--research[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] .article-body[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk],.article--work[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] .article-body[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk],.article--note[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] .article-body[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk]{padding-block-start:0;border-block-start:0}.article--research[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] .article-body[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk]{margin-block-start:28px}.article--research[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] .article-body[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] p{font-size:16px}.article--work[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] .article-body[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk],.article--note[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] .article-body[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk]{margin-block-start:34px}.article--work[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] .article-body[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk]{margin-block-start:32px}.article--note[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] .article-body[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] p{margin-block-end:20px}.article-body[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] p{margin:0 0 18px;font-size:var(--body-size);line-height:var(--body-lh);text-wrap:pretty}.article--note[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk]:not([lang=fa]) .article-body[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] p,.article--note[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk]:not([lang=fa]) .article-body[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] li{font-family:var(--font-note);font-size:18.5px;line-height:1.75}.article-body[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] h2{margin:30px 0 14px;color:var(--article-accent);font-size:var(--h2-size);font-weight:600;letter-spacing:var(--h2-tracking);line-height:normal;text-transform:uppercase}.article--research[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] .article-body[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] h2{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:var(--space-3);color:var(--ink)}.article--note[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] .article-accent[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk],.article--note[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] .article-meta__section[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk],.article--note[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] .article-body[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] h2,.article--note[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] .article-body[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] sup{color:var(--accent-note-readable)}.article--research[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] .article-body[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] .article-section h2{margin-block-start:36px}.article--work[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] .article-body[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] .contribution+h2{margin-block-start:34px}.article-body[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] .pull-quote+h2{margin-block-start:0}.article--research[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] .article-body[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] h2:after{content:"";flex:1;block-size:1px;background:var(--rule)}.article-body[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] h3{margin:var(--space-6) 0 var(--space-3);font-size:var(--h3-size)}.article-body[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] h4{margin:var(--space-5) 0 var(--space-3);font-size:var(--h4-size);font-style:var(--h4-style)}.article-body[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] a{color:var(--ink);text-decoration-color:var(--article-accent);text-decoration-thickness:1.5px;text-underline-offset:4px}.article-body[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] blockquote:not(.pull-quote){margin:var(--space-6) 0;padding-inline-start:20px;border-inline-start:1px solid var(--dim);color:var(--sub)}.article-body[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] blockquote:not(.pull-quote) p{margin:0;font-size:16px;line-height:1.7}.article-body[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] ul,.article-body[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] ol{padding-inline-start:var(--space-5)}.article-body[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] pre{padding:var(--space-4);border-radius:var(--radius-md);background:var(--primary);color:var(--tinv);font-size:13px}.article-body[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] code{direction:ltr;font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:.9em;unicode-bidi:isolate}.article-body[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] sup{color:var(--article-accent);font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:10.5px}.article-body[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] table{inline-size:100%;margin-block:var(--space-5);border:0!important;border-block-start:1px solid var(--ink)!important;border-collapse:collapse}.article--research[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] .article-body[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] table{margin:6px 0 0}.article-body[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] th,.article-body[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] td{padding:10px 0!important;border:0!important;border-block-end:1px solid var(--rule)!important;font-size:14px;font-weight:400}.article-body[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] th{color:var(--sub);font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase}.article--research[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] .article-body[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] th,.article--research[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] .article-body[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] td{line-height:normal}.article--research[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] .article-body[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] td{padding-block:11px!important}.article-sources[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk]{margin-block-start:40px;padding-block-start:18px;border-block-start:1px solid var(--rule)}.article-sources[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] h2[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk]{margin:0 0 10px;color:var(--sub);font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:10.5px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:var(--h2-tracking)}.article-sources[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] ol[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk]{margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none;color:var(--sub);font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:12px;line-height:1.9}.article--research[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] .article-sources[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk]{margin-block-start:28px;padding-block-start:16px}.article--note[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] .article-body[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] .image-placeholder+p{margin-block-start:34px}.article--note[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] .article-body[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] .related-links{margin-block-start:44px;padding-block-start:18px;border-block-start:1px solid var(--rule)}.article-shell[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk][lang=fa]{font-family:var(--font-fa);font-size:var(--fa-size);font-weight:var(--fa-weight);line-height:var(--fa-lh)}.article-shell[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk][lang=fa] .article-file__label[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk],.article-shell[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk][lang=fa] .article-file__facts[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk],.article-shell[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk][lang=fa] .article-file__contents[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk]>p[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk],.article-shell[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk][lang=fa] .article-file__contents[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] ol[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk],.article-shell[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk][lang=fa] .article-meta[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk],.article-shell[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk][lang=fa] .article-sources[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] h2[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk],.article-shell[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk][lang=fa] .article-sources[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] ol[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk]{font-family:var(--font-fa);letter-spacing:normal}.article-shell[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk][lang=fa] .article-body[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] th,.article-shell[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk][lang=fa] .article-body[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] td{font-family:var(--font-fa);font-size:14.5px;letter-spacing:normal;text-transform:none}.article-shell[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk][lang=fa] .article-body[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] th,.article-shell[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk][lang=fa] .article-meta[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk]{font-size:12.5px}.article-shell[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk][lang=fa] .article-meta[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] .mono[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk]{font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.08em}.article-shell[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk][lang=fa] .article-file__label[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk],.article-shell[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk][lang=fa] .article-file__contents[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk]>p[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk]{font-size:12.5px;font-weight:600}.article-shell[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk][lang=fa] .article-file__facts[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk]{font-size:13px;line-height:2.4}.article-shell[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk][lang=fa] .article-file__facts[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] div[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk]+div[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk]{margin-block-start:0}.article-shell[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk][lang=fa] .article-file__facts[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] .mono[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk]{font-family:var(--font-mono);font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:.08em}.article-shell[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk][lang=fa] .article-file__contents[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] ol[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk]{gap:8px;font-size:13.5px}.article-shell[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk][lang=fa] .article-meta__section[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk]{letter-spacing:normal;text-transform:none}.article-shell[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk][lang=fa] .article-header[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] h1[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk],.article-shell[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk][lang=fa].article--note .article-header[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] h1[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk]{font-family:var(--font-fa);font-size:30px;font-style:normal;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:1.65}.article-shell[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk][lang=fa].article--research .article-header[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] h1[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk],.article-shell[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk][lang=fa].article--note .article-header[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] h1[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk],.article-shell[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk][lang=fa].article--work .article-header[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] h1[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk]{font-size:29px}.article-shell[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk][lang=fa].article--note .article-header[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] h1[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk]{font-weight:500}.article-shell[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk][lang=fa] .article-dek[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk]{font-size:17.5px;line-height:1.9}.article-shell[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk][lang=fa].article--research .article-dek[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk],.article-shell[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk][lang=fa].article--note .article-dek[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk],.article-shell[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk][lang=fa].article--work .article-dek[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk]{font-size:16.5px}.article-shell[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk][lang=fa] .article-body[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] p,.article-shell[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk][lang=fa].article--note .article-body[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] p,.article-shell[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk][lang=fa].article--note .article-body[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] li{font-family:var(--font-fa);font-size:var(--fa-size);font-style:normal;font-weight:var(--fa-weight);letter-spacing:normal;line-height:var(--fa-lh)}.article-shell[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk][lang=fa] .article-body[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] h2{color:var(--article-accent);font-family:var(--font-fa);font-size:14.5px;font-style:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-transform:none}.article-shell[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk][lang=fa].article--research .article-body[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] h2{color:var(--ink)}.article-shell[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk][lang=fa].article--note .article-body[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] h2{color:var(--accent-note-readable)}.article-shell[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk][lang=fa] .article-body[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] h4{font-style:normal}.article-shell[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk][lang=fa].article--note .article-body[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] p,.article-shell[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk][lang=fa].article--note .article-body[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] li{line-height:2}.article-shell[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk][lang=fa] .article-body[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] blockquote:not(.pull-quote) p{font-size:16px;line-height:var(--fa-lh)}.article-shell[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk][lang=fa] .article-sources[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] h2[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk]{font-size:12.5px;font-weight:600}.article-shell[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk][lang=fa] .article-sources[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] ol[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk]{font-size:13.5px;line-height:2.1}@media(max-width:759px){.article--research[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk]{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:36px;max-inline-size:680px}.article-file[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk]{position:static;margin-block-end:34px}.article-file__facts[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk]{display:block}.article-file__facts[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk] div[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk]+div[data-astro-cid-vqia4vkk]{margin-block-start:0}}.page-frame[data-astro-cid-gufct6p5]{inline-size:100%;max-inline-size:1180px;margin-inline:auto;padding:var(--space-6) 56px 64px}.site-header[data-astro-cid-gufct6p5]{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:var(--space-4);padding-block-end:14px;border-block-end:1px solid var(--rule)}.site-header[data-astro-cid-gufct6p5] nav[data-astro-cid-gufct6p5],.site-tools[data-astro-cid-gufct6p5]{display:flex;align-items:baseline}.site-header[data-astro-cid-gufct6p5] nav[data-astro-cid-gufct6p5]{gap:22px}.site-tools[data-astro-cid-gufct6p5]{align-items:center;gap:18px}.site-mark[data-astro-cid-gufct6p5],.index-link[data-astro-cid-gufct6p5]{font-family:var(--font-mono);text-decoration:none}.site-mark[data-astro-cid-gufct6p5]{color:var(--ink);font-size:12.5px;font-weight:500;letter-spacing:.08em}.index-link[data-astro-cid-gufct6p5]{color:var(--sub);font-size:11.5px}.author-name[data-astro-cid-gufct6p5]{color:var(--sub);font-family:var(--font-fa);font-size:14px}main[data-astro-cid-gufct6p5]{padding-block-start:var(--space-7)}@media(max-width:879px){.page-frame[data-astro-cid-gufct6p5]{padding-inline:var(--space-6)}}@media(max-width:559px){.page-frame[data-astro-cid-gufct6p5]{padding-inline:20px}.site-header[data-astro-cid-gufct6p5] nav[data-astro-cid-gufct6p5]{gap:var(--space-3)}}